Assignment 1

1a. death and penalty=7128…death penalty=6587 1b. a lot of them apprear in the title, a few were in the text and the words were right next to each other 1c. some databases give you the option of serching the exact phrase, and also putting quotations around it.

2.

1. d /\ p = 1-”death and penalty”
2. d \/ p= 1512090-death or penalty
3. s  =6587 -death penalty
4. s /\ n = 639- death penalty and new york state
5. s  /\ ~ n=
6. s \/ c = 7262-death penalty and capital punishment
7. s /\ c = 734- death penalty and capital punishment

3. Use parenthesis to get exact phrases.

the and gives you both at the same time

the or gives you either of the words or both words in the same page

4. A

1. d /\ p =15568- baseball and players
2. d \/ p=201480-baseball or players
3. s = 4667-baseball players
4. s /\ n=17- baseball players and steroid use
5. s  /\ ~ n=2-baseball players and no steroid use
6. s \/ c=9154-baseball players or drug abuse
7. s /\ c=5-baseball players and drug abuse

 4B 

1. d /\ p=1692-global and warming
2. d \/ p=22285-global or warming
3. s =166-global warming
4. s /\ n=0-global warming and green house effect (also) “global warming and green house effect”
5. s  /\ ~ n=1663-global warming and not green house effect
6. s \/ c=3261-global warming or air pollution
7. s /\ c=34-global warming and air pollution

Assignment 2

d=death penalty=

c=capital punishment

n=new york state

1. n /\ ( d \/ c ) = 702 “new york state” and (“death penalty” or”capital punishment”)
2. ( n /\ d ) \/ c = 1909 (“new york state” and “death penalty”) or “capital punishment”
3. n /\ d \/ c =702    “new york state” and “death penalty” or “capital punishment”
4. ( n /\ d) \/ ( n /\ c)=281  (“new york state” and “death penalty”) or (“new york state” and “capital punishment”)

2. the first one and the third one because it is the same sequence of and and or its just putting brackets and even the words are in the same order as you search.

3. a=c

b=

c=

d=

Thank you all for coming tonight. I am here to represent one of the greatest enlighteners of our time, my great uncle George Boole. He was born on the 2^nd of November of 1815. He was best known as the developer of Boolean algebra. He was born in
Lincoln, England. My uncle was great and was seen as a “self-taught mathematician” (http://www.answers.com/topic/george-boole) He established himself at a young age attending “a school in
Lincoln for children of tradesmen run by two Misses Clarke when he was less than two years old”. (http://www.gap system.org/~history/Biographies/Boole.html) At a young age my uncle had put himself through academics. It was not until his father’s friend Mr. Gibson showed him the door to perform in commercial studies and “he remained until he was seven years old.” Although Mr. Gibson showed him the door into commercial, his own father showed him “his early instructions into mathematics.” My uncle was taught to speak other languages such as Latin. My uncle’s teachings were possible through my grandfather’s help by having him “receive instruction in Latin from a local bookstore.” He maintained his interest in languages, began to study mathematics seriously, and gave up ideas which he had to enter the Church. The first advanced mathematics book he read was Lacroix’s Differential and integral calculus. My uncle was never the type to wait around for things to come to him. He felt that learning wasn’t’ for him and he wanted to teach therefore “In 1833 he moved to a new teaching position in Liverpool but he only remained there for six months before moving to Hall’s Academy in Waddington, four miles from Lincoln. In 1834 he opened his own school in
Lincoln although he was only 19 years old.” Having opened his own school was one of the greatest accomplishments because he established himself as an independent individual. He created his first mathematic paper that consisted of works that he studies such as the “works of Laplace and Lagrange.” Having taken notes he learned from what he studied.  “He began publishing regularly in the
Cambridge Mathematical Journal and his interests were influenced by Duncan Gregory as he began to study algebra.” My uncle got involved with many other enlighteners such as Augusta De Morgan around the year of 1842. The greatest acknowledgement toward my uncle was “in 1849 he was appointed professor of mathematics at Queen’s College in
Ireland.” (http://www.answers.com/topic/george-boole). I would like to thank many people that motivated him in his success. Some of those people would be his successors such as Augusta De Morgan to allow him to enlighten his ideas and follow through with his own. Thank you all for coming out and I thank you for inducting my uncle into the hall of fame.

Aklima Khondoker

Professor Glass

Logic 101

13^th December 2006

Dead Mathematicians Hall of Fame Awards Acceptance Speech

I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of you at the Dead Mathematicians Hall of fame for this great honor bestowed upon my deceased uncle. It gives me great pride to accept this accolade in honor of the great Mr. George Boole. From his birthplace in Lincolnshire, England in 1815, George was destined for greatness. Though at first sight it may not have seemed that way. After all, his family wasn’t particularly entitled or wealthy. In fact, though his father spent many of his days thinking scientifically and mathematically, his occupation was one of a shoe maker. However Father John Boole gave his son all of his knowledge of math, and soon George grew to love it too. In his early years, George’s first love was actually language. His father sent him to learn Latin, German and French. The Boole family went through financial hardship when George was 16, so George began working as an assistant teacher. He actually began learning mathematics on his own, outside of his father’s teachings. His very first math book was Lacroix’s Differential and integral calculus. Though I’m sure he taught himself very well, he soon realized that it would be best to receive lessons outside of his father and on his own. He decided to relocate to Liverpool where he acquired a teaching position that allowed him to study mathematics in depth with other professors. The ambition of this teenage man had no end! At the age of 19 he moved to Lincoln and opened his own school, in addition the primary operator of Hall’s Academy (Robert Hall) in Waddington, asked him to take over the school in his passing. Which he also did. As years passed, He began publishing regularly in the Cambridge Mathematical Journal with his main focus on algebra. He corresponded with another Hall of Famer by the name of De Morgan. In 1842 George wrote a paper On a general method of analysis– applying algebraic methods to the solution of differential equations; which he sent to De Morgan for comments. Speaking of fame, George’s work began to receive recognition in 1844 when he received the Royal Society’s Royal medal for his work in the Transactions of the Royal Society. In 1854 he published An investigation into the Laws of Thought, on Which are founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities. Quite possibly what he is most famous for. His approach was using logic with simple algebra, integrating logic into mathematics. By showing correlations between logical forms and algebraic symbols he bridged a gap that allowed this form of mathematics to expand and increase in plasticity. Boolean Algebra is used today for various computer applications, search engines and has many other technical applications. Information from kerryr.net confirms what we already know; Today, all our computers use Boole’s logic system – using microchips that contain thousands of tiny electronic switches arranged into logical ‘gates’ that produce predictable and reliable conclusions. The basic logic gates are AND, OR and NOT. It is these gates, used in different combinations, that allow the computer to execute its operations using binary language. Each gate assesses information (consisting of high or low voltages) in accordance with predetermined rules, and produces a single high or low voltage logical conclusion. He created a system that is widely used and taught today. It is math for the ages and hasn’t slowed his recognition since. The voltage itself represents the binary yes-no, true-false, one-zero concept. Boole also worked on differential equations, the influential Treatise on Differential Equations appeared in 1859, the calculus of finite differences, Treatise on the Calculus of Finite Differences (1860), and general methods in probability. As well as both on logical and mathematical topics, found in the Catalogue of Scientific Memoirs published by the Royal Society, and in the supplementary volume on Differential Equations. Add the Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal, and the third and fourth series of the Philosophical Magazine to his credits and many many more. Once again ladies and gentlemen, I am truly thankful to receive this message; my first accolade in his honor, which I am sure will not be his last.

Works Cited:

Kerry Redshaw. Pioneers: George Boole. © Copyright 1996. 13^th December 2006. KerryR. www.kerryr.net/index.htm

Wikipedia contributors. George Boole, 9^th December 2006. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia ©. 13^th December 2006. www.wikipedia.com

Eileen Harrison. George Boole: Mathematician and Philosopher. 1993. Roger Parson’s Lincolnshire World. 13^th December 2006. http://homepages.enterprise.net/rogerp/george/boole.html

Research:

Web Search Results for “Boole”All Search Engines 1 – 20 of 67 George Boole (1815 – 1864)The original Working Class Boy Made Good, Boole was born in the wrong time, in the wrong place, and definitely in the wrong class – he didn’t have a hope of …www.kerryr.net/pioneers/boole.htm [Found on Google, MSN Search, Yahoo! Search, Ask.com]

George Boole – Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaGeorge Boole’s father was a tradesman of limited means, but of studious … A long list of Boole’s memoirs and detached papers, both on logical and …en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Boole [Found on Google, MSN Search, Ask.com]

Roger p@rsons_world of George BooleBeekeeping, Comets, and Famous Lincolnshire scientists, explorers, mathematicians and philosophers.homepages.enterprise.net/rogerp/george/boole.html [Found on Google, Yahoo! Search, Ask.com]

Byron Quintanilla

Mat 101

Professor Glass

11-05-06

Assignment # 2

1. Using the database you were assigned and the following simple statements search for (parenthesis required).
   • d = death penalty
   • c = capital punishment
   • n =New York
     State
     Search for:
     1. n /\ ( d \/ c )  (1470) hits
     2. ( n /\ d ) \/ c  (2155 ) hits
     3. n /\ d \/ c  (1470) hits
     4. ( n /\ d) \/ ( n /\ c) (687) hits

2) In part 1, which searches yield the same results and why?

In part one, the searches that yield the same results is A and C, because they both are searching for the same result of death or capital punishment and the search is the same except that the parenthesis makes the search look different when it is really the same search.

3) For each of the searches above, determine which Venn diagram corresponds to the search:

a) Search A corresponds with Venn diagram C, because it includes everything but excludes the A, and B search.

b) Search B corresponds with Venn diagram D, because it includes everything in A, B, and C.

c) Search C corresponds with Venn diagram D, again because it includes everything in A, B, and C, it is the same question. It is just placed in a different order.

D) Search D corresponds with Venn diagram C, because it is what is in N and D or what is in N and C.

1)

a. Death and Penalty: 7102 hits

    Death Penalty: 6563 hits

b. It always appears in the text and most of the time the words are adjacent but usually does not appear in the title.

c. put the whole phrase in quotations.

2)

a. d^p: 7102 hits

b. dVp: 150359 hits

c. s: 6563 hits

d. s^n: 637 hits

e. s^ ~n: 5186 hits

f. sVc: 7235 hits

g. s^c: 731 hits

3. And: to find documents containing two or more search terms

  i.e: death and penalty finds documents mentioning death and penalty

     Or: to find documents that contain any one of several search terms

i.e. death or penalty finds documents mentioning death, as well as documents mentioning penalty, or both.

      Not: to exclude a search term

i.e. death and not penalty finds documents regarding death, removing those documents mentioning penalty.

4)

a.  d^p: 15528 hits

     dVp: 200415 hits

     s: 4649 hits

     s^n: 17 hits

     s^ ~n: 4581 hits

     sVc: 9132 hits

     s^c: 5 hits

b.

 d^p: 1659 hits

 dVp: 22105 hits

 s: 1633 hits

 s^n: 0 hits

 s^ ~n: 1630 hits

 sVc: 3223 hits

 s^c: 33 hits

Byron Quintanilla

MAT 101

Professor Glass

10-14-06

Assignment # 1

1)      Suppose we needed to research the death penalty. 

a)      By putting the words death and penalty there were (7095) hits and for death penalty there were (6995) hits.

b)      Looking at the few results the words death and penalty do not appear in the title, they appear in the following text.

c)       If wanted the exact phrase death penalty then I would have to put the two words in quotation marks.  

2)      If d = death, p = penalty s = the phrase death penalty, c = the phrase capital punishment and n the phraseNew York
State.  Form for your database and document the results for

a)      D ^ P (7095) hits.

b)      D v P (150,176) hits.c)      S (6556) hits.d)      S ^ N (658) hitse)      S ^ ~N (51810) hits.f)        S v C (7228) hits.g)      S ^ C (731) hits.  3)      Write up the rules (using the help screen) for using and, or, not and creating a phrase (exact phrase) in the database assigned to your group.

Focusing your Search by Using Boolean Operators

You can use special terms, called Boolean operators, to build searches that combine and exclude the words and phrases that make up your search.

Examples

Use OR to find documents that contain any one of several search terms:

Internet OR education finds documents mentioning the Internet, as well as documents mentioning education, or both.

Use AND to find documents containing two or more search terms:

Internet AND education finds documents mentioning the Internet and education.

Use AND NOT to exclude a search term:

Internet AND NOT education finds documents regarding the Internet, removing those documents mentioning education.

Using Phrases to Refine Your Search

If you’re searching for a specific phrase, place your phrase in quotation marks (” “). This lets ProQuest know you’re looking for documents where the words appear exactly in order.

Example

If you’re searching for information on animal hospitals, type the following: “small animal hospital” The following similar search yields very different results: small animal AND hospital

The second search finds any document in which both “small animal” and “hospital” appear within 250-words of one another. These results could include documents about the use of dogs and cats in hospitals for therapy.

The first search find records where the words “small animal hospital” occur in that order, not separated by other words. Therefore, the results of the first search are likely to include only documents dealing with veterinary care.

If your phrase is only two words long, ProQuest will automatically treat it as a phrase (as if it were in quotation marks). If your phrase is three words or longer, you must use quotation marks. Otherwise, ProQuest will treat the phrase as if the words were joined by AND, for example “small AND animal AND hospital.”

4)      As the individual assignment (the group should decide who does a and who does b), re-do the previous part for:

I)                   Where d = Baseball, p = players, s = baseball players, c = drug abuse and n = steroid use.

a)      D ^ P (15523) hitsb)      D v P (200372) hitsc)      S (4648) hitsd)      S ^ N (17 hits)e)      S ^ ~N (4580) hitsf)        S v C (9111) hitsg)      S ^ C (12) hits 

II)                 Where d = global, p = warming, s = global warming, c = air pollution, and n = green house effect.

a)      D ^ P (1657) hitsb)      D v P (22094) hitsc)      S (1631) hits d)      S ^ N (106) hitse)      S ^ ~N (1628) hitsf)        S v C (3223) hitsg)      S ^ C (33) hits

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